Civilizations
Why do mainstream scholars believe Vedic civilization began around 1,500 BCE? Because Max Muller (see figure 1) suggested this date, but he originally admitted there was no way to tell, it could have just as well been 15,000 BCE, however, he had a plan to extinguish ’Hinduism’ and supplant it with Christianity, as evidenced by the letters to his wife in August 1856:
“It took only 200 years for us to Christianise the whole of Africa, but even after 400 years India eludes us, I have come to realize that it is Sanskrit which has enabled India to do so. And to break it
I have decided to learn Sanskrit.” (The Life And Letters Of The Right Honourable Friedrich Max Muller, 2020).
A note should be taken about the arbitrary dating of Indian history. It is supposed by the mainstream that its written history began around the time of Buddha, nominally 400-500 BCE as noted by King Ashoka. However, the accepted date by the Eastern Buddhist tradition of China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan, places Buddha’s birth at 1030 BCE (Cousins 1996).
If we take seriously the research by Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, that 1000 BCE Buddha was Gautama (jiva) while the Adi-Buddha (Visnu) adorned by Ananta-sesa (see figure 2), appeared around 2000 BCE. (Beyond Nirvana p.46 GVP 2003). Considering the Buddha avatar appeared due to the gradual perversion of Vedic Dharma, how old must Sanatan Dharma be?
Mainstream scholars accept there is no link between the Indus-Sarasvati Civilization and the Vedic Sarasvati Civilization, despite continuous occupation at the same location. Indus seals show a three-faced yogi sitting in a yoga asana (see figure 3), surrounded by animals. He sits on a raised dais and appears to be Tri-mukhi Pasupati, Lord Śiva, the Lord of animals with 3 faces (see figure 4 and 5).
Scholars argue that the Rgvedic people were nomadic and didn’t build cities, well what about the permanent Vedic centres of Haridwar, Kuruksetra, Ayodhya, Mathura, Dwarka (Kusasthali) Mathura, Kasi (Varanasi) and Avantika (Ujjain)? They are continuously inhabited and rebuilt yuga after yuga. (Skanda Purana 4.1.6.68) just as Dr Rao found 7 layers of reconstruction at Dwarka. (see Figure 6).
What about the lack of horse remains? Well, two things, remains don’t last long in a wet climate filled with carnivores and a culture that performed horse fire sacrifices, yet some are still found (see figure 7). The Vāyu Purāṇa 98.10 quotes that horses bread in Gāndhāra (Afghanistan) were the best. Notably, the Gāndhāras were considered non-dharmic kṣatriyas (ŚB 9.23.15-16) as were most of the Indus vaiśyas and śūdras beyond the Sindhu River divide who were sea-faring traders and metalsmiths.
Most mainstream scholars claim IVC script evolved from Sumerian hieroglyphs, being the oldest, so what about the IVC site at Bhirrana that predates any Sumerian site by 500 years? Research by Daggumati and Rvevesz in 2023 shows an undisputable link between Sumerian and Indus glyphs, but they have the chronology backwards (see figure 😎. They also ignore the hybrid examples linking continuity between IVC and Brahmi script as discovered by S. R. Rao in 1987 (see figure 9 and 10) and IVC-Brahmi numerals by N. Kasinathan at Tamrapani River in 1970 dated 800 BCE. Another notable 8/10 correlation between the ten most commonly used symbols of both IVC and Brahmi scripts demonstrates the link between them.